Pursuing Happiness in Death of a Salesman - 785 Words

Critical Response: Death of a Salesman The lives of the Loman’s from beginning to end seems troubling, the play is centered on trying to be successful or trying to be happy, and the sacrifice which must be made of one to achieve the other. The environment that these characters live in encourages them to pursue the American dream, which can be said to devalue happiness through the pursuit of material success. Death of A Salesman written by Arthur Miller has several themes that run through the play, one of the most obvious is the constant striving for success. Willy Loman put his family through endless torture because of his search for a successful life. Willy, Biff, and Happy are chasing the American dream instead of examining themselves†¦show more content†¦Biff and Happy idolized their father when they were young. The stories they were told made them picture their father as a popular, successful, well-known salesman. As Biff grew up, he found himself being told things about his father like A salesman has to dream, it comes with the territory. At the end of the story when Linda says they we free, Biff is free to realizeShow MoreRelatedLife of Pi1276 Words   |  6 Pagesclose reference to Death of a Salesman and American Beauty. Ideas and qualities of acceptable standards that is considered worthwhile in society, pressures the relationship between an individual and his or her society due to the risk of social rejection. By accepting these social norms the individual is forced into the pursuit of the American Dream of that context whilst the rejection of the American Dream also leads to social rejection. Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman looks at the notionRead MoreThe Death of Reality and the Reality of Death1341 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿The Death of Reality and the Reality of Death Death is never easy. Afterall it is the only sure thing anyone will ever do. Yet how one dies is determined by how they live. One who lives their life to the fullest will be content and open to death, while one whose life has been empty will fear it; but what if the difference between full and empty was not so easily differentiated? What if reality and falsehood were the same? This idea is contemplated in both Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller andRead MoreOf Salesmen and False Beliefs915 Words   |  4 Pagesunreal goals that our consumer driven society showcases as the ultimate show of success. In the play The Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller illustrates a society where ethics are based solely around becoming wealthy and obtaining the American dream, through the use of looks and popularity. The main character Willy Loman spends his entire life in fallacy starving for this success. The Death of a Salesman portrays a specific view of the values, dreams, and goals in a consumer d riven society. Much like theRead MoreThe American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1096 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald In a majority of literature written in the 20th century, the theme of the American Dream has been a prevalent theme. This dream affects the plot and characters of many novels, and in some books, the intent of the author is to illustrate the reality of the American Dream. However, there is no one definition of the American Dream. Is it the right to pursue your hearts wish,Read MoreEssay about Living or Dying with the American Dream1274 Words   |  6 PagesEveryone wants to be successful. We all dream of having a decent job, a house, a car or two, good social connections and the respect of our peers. We dream of opportunity and freedom. In Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, many characters are pursuing their own version of this dream, but they go about it in many different ways. Some see work and perseverance as necessities. Others think personal charm and popularity are essential in obtaining their dreams. We see the American Dream through theRead MoreThe Literary Works Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1564 Words   |  7 Pagesgrant happiness. There is a tendency in American culture to equate success with happiness. Success is the core of American society, as it drives innovation and motivates people to work harder in ord er to achieve their goals — but at what cost? When striving for success, people tend to neglect other important areas of their lives such as their health, emotional well-being and more importantly their loved ones. The literary works of The Great Gatsby, a novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald; the play Death of aRead MoreAmerican Dream - Death of a Salesman1005 Words   |  5 PagesThe play Death of a Salesman greatly portrays a specific ideology in regards to values, dreams, goals, and success in our consumer-driven society. It helps showcase the American dream that society tends to strive for even in the early 1900’s (the play is set in the 1940’s). That dream of being a successful business person or vendor. As well as the theory that image and physical attributes are most important to gaining fruition. Willy Loman plays a man in his sixties who has strived for this AmericanRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman Is A Tragedy In The Sense That It Displays1015 Words   |  5 P agesDeath of a Salesman is a tragedy in the sense that it displays the consequences of commitment of one s life towards an idealistic goal such as the American Dream. Willy Loman fails to see that he is an unsuccessful salesman and to escape that harsh reality, he constantly reminisces his past. Which beg the question, is Willy Loman a tragic hero? He may not be a conventional tragic hero but he indeed had a downfall however, he wasn’t in a distinguished position to say the least. He was everybody yetRead MoreArthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman Essay1567 Words   |  7 Pageswith a tragic flaw leading to his downfall. In addition, in traditional tragedy, the main character falls from high authority and often it is predetermined by fate, while the audience experiences catharsis (Irving 247). Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman is considered to be a tragedy because this literary work has some of the main characteristics of the tragedy genre. In this play, the main character Willy Loman possesses such traits and behaviors that lead to his downfall, and the audienceRead MoreConsequences Of A Superficial Dream : Will Loman1076 Words   |  5 PagesO’Connell English II – 3 April 20, 2015 Consequences of a Superficial Dream: Will Loman Various numbers and symbols throughout Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller, highlight an important equation worth noticing that prove Willy Loman’s frame on life. Success is equal to money; money is greater than life; success and money lead to fame and name brands, which lead to ultimate happiness. A man, more living than dead in his own dream fails to interpret the importance of life any other way. Because of his failed

Informal Caregivers An Informal Caregiver - 1654 Words

. The second type is referred to as an informal caregiver. These individuals are unpaid and are typically a spouse, partner, family member, friend, or neighbor who are involved in assisting others with activities of daily living and/or medical tasks (â€Å"Population,† 2014). According to the Family Caregiver Alliance National Center on Caregiving, it is estimated that in the United States (US) â€Å"approximately 43.5 million caregivers have provided unpaid care to an adult or child in the last 12 months† (Population, 2014). They also state that â€Å"the value of services provided by informal caregivers has steadily increased over the last decade, with an estimated economic value of $470 billion in 2013, up from $450 billion in 2009 and $375 billion in 2007† (â€Å"Population,† 2014). With informal caregivers providing a large amount of valuable services it is the duty of all health care professionals to provide resources, and tools to support their efforts in providing care. With occupational therapy placing a high value on a holistic view for treatment it only stands to reason that providing education to caregivers would fit into the scope of practice. It is typical for a spouse or close family member to assume the role of caregiver after an injury or illness. In most cases these individuals are ill-equipped to manage the daily challenges required to care for another individual. This places informal caregivers at a high risk for emotional, mental, and physical health problems.Show MoreRelatedDiagnosis Of An Informal Caregiver1659 Words   |  7 Pagesresident is in need of care, but that care is not too complex, it is most common to turn to an informal caregiver. According to the 2016 Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures (2016), â€Å"In 2015, caregivers of people with Alzheimer’s and other dementias provided an estimated 18.1 billion hours of informal (that is, unpaid) assistance, a contribution to the nation valued at $221.3 billion † (p. 32). Informal caregivers are mainly daughters and spouses of the residents. Females make up the majority of familyRead MoreIntervention With Informal Caregivers Of Hospice Patients1031 Words   |  5 PagesFegg et al. and Demiris et al. were both able to prove their method of intervention with informal caregivers of hospice patients was effective. However, both studies proved to have limitations and need follow up studies in the future to solidify their findings. It is difficult to compare the two studies statistically due to the small sample size of Demiris et al.’s study. While on average the participants who were given the PSI seemed to improve in both QOL and anxiety, the sample size was too smallRead MorePsychological Effects of Caregiving1745 Words   |  7 PagesRecent social trends such as increased life expectancy and an aging population, has played an important role in the increased use of informal health care. Advancements in medical technology have a llowed people to live longer (Choi et al., 2008). However, as the life expectancy and number of aging individuals continues to rise, so does the need for services to support aging individuals, and people suffering from chronic illness and disability (Choi et al., 2008). The number of individuals who areRead MoreResearch On Family Caregivers Of Dementia1209 Words   |  5 Pagesdepression and anxiety are prevalent in family caregivers of person with dementia compared to non-dementia caregivers and non-caregivers as well. The stress and burden providing for a loved one can be overwhelming and impactful. Analysis Dementia has a significant impact on family caregivers’ mental, physical and emotional health. Although previous research focuses heavily on the negative outcomes, researchers are shifting to evaluate the positives caregivers encounter when caring for a loved one withRead MoreA National Profile Of Family And Unpaid Caregivers920 Words   |  4 Pagespopulation of informal caregivers that devote a significant amount of time and resources to caring for older adults with impairments. However, due to the informal nature of these caregiver relationships, there is a lack of knowledge and understanding of this population. In â€Å"A National Profile of Family and Unpaid Caregivers Who Assist Older Adults with Health Care Activities (2016)†, Wolff and colleagues highlight the importance of understanding the responsibilities of caregivers and how this mayRead MoreCaregiver Stress Essay1521 Words   |  7 PagesASC 4126 – The AIDS Pandemic Caregiver Stress Caregivers are those people who provide assistance to other people who are unable to perform certain activities on their own because of a physical disability or chronic illness. Formal care can be obtained at home, or from institutions such as nursing homes, and is offered by trained, paid or volunteer professional caregivers. However, informal care, which is usually offered by family members or friends, often in a home setting, is becomingRead MoreIncreasing Caregiver Support Service Access And Use Among Chinese Americans1298 Words   |  6 Pages Increasing caregiver support service access and use among Chinese-Americans I. Introduction The policy that will be analyzed is the federal Older American Act Title III-E, which was approved by the Congress in 2000. It regulates National Family Caregiver Support Programs (NFCSP), a categorical non-income-tested program, aiming to provide direct services to informal family caregivers. Under the federal administration from AoA, the NFCSP is carried out through a network of 56 State Units on AgingRead MoreCaregiving Reflection Paper994 Words   |  4 Pagesand its demand and reliance on employed caregivers; who are â€Å"individuals who provide care to one or more elderly family members but also engage in paid employment† (Duxbury., Higgins, p.4). In my response and reflection paper, I intend to narrow in on the burden this demand and increase has on employed caregivers. I intend to do this, by focusing on: the shift in Canada’s public health care system through health reforms, narrowing in on ‘sandwich’ caregivers and the impacts caregiving has spe cificallyRead MoreGrand Parenting : The Most Important For You?862 Words   |  4 Pagesbuild bonds with their grandchildren and remain a pillow of strength for their own children. They are seen as mentors, historians and great leaders for their younger generation. Informal caregiving: â€Å"An estimated 61.8 people in the United States provide unpaid care to an adult family member†, â€Å"eighty-six percent of caregivers care for a relative† (p. 394). It have been noted that in the past caregiving of parents were usually fixed with one family member or child remaining in the home to give careRead MoreChildren And Caretakers Of Children1073 Words   |  5 Pagesrole of caretaker especially difficult for these caregivers (Searing, Graham, Grainger, 2015). It may seem as if caretakers of children with ASD whose abilities are low would be faced with more than they are able to handle. Can a parent properly care for the child, any other children, have a job, keep a home, maintain a healthy marriage, etc? Support is necessary to give these families the chance to succeed, and it can take the form of informal or formal support. One study out of New Zealand

Picture Victim and Ultrahigh Spec Laptops Free Essays

Mystery story It was an ordinary day with my two close friends, Adam and Matt. As always after school we all came over to my place for dinner, then go downstairs into my gaming room. Three desks with three really comfortable office chairs. We will write a custom essay sample on Picture: Victim and Ultrahigh Spec Laptops or any similar topic only for you Order Now We all had ultrahigh spec laptops and we all Just got new surround sound headsets for Christmas. We spent hours on our laptops playing video games together on a dally basis. But this one day right after New Year something inordinate and unforgettable started happening. Our New Year’s holiday was coming to an end, we only had a few days feet to spend a lot of time gaming. We spent some money and bought a huge amount of snacks, enough to last for three days. We headed towards our gaming room and spent our days there. We didn’t see sunlight for two days straight. Enjoying our time with our new headsets playing call of duty together, laughing together and getting mad at the game, we finally decided to take a break. As always Matt would go on his email to check if his family for overseas emailed him. Many of his cousins enjoy video gaming as well so we invite them every now and then to our only party. An email appeared subjected â€Å"Boo†. As anyone else would do Matt just deleted it assuming it was spam. After a few hours of gaming he decided to check his email again and saw the same email. Out of curiosity he opened the email but not much appeared, just a blank page with a small message â€Å"Boo†, it didn’t really make sense to him so asked us to check it out. Adam and me just laughed and cracked funny Jokes with him about his End. He shut down his laptop and headed back home. The next day, we all returned to our laptops but Mats laptop was open and on already. We assumed Matt forgot to shut it down and close it but he was sure of himself that he did. He asked if one of us go on it but we both shook our heads and said no. Matt sat down on his chair laying his hands on his laptop, realizing there was an extra folder on his desktop. The folder was named â€Å"Boo†. He opened it but it was an empty folder, he tried deleting it but an error message constantly appeared. As we all assumed the â€Å"Boo† spam email he received probably installed a virus onto his laptop which created that folder. Opening his Anti-Mallard program he did a virus scan but his computer was clean, no virus detected. He ignored it and we went on gaming. During our gaming session in the corner of Mats screen, a message appeared saying â€Å"Boo Is here. † He exited the game and clicked on the message. It slowly retyped Boo Has Started In big bold letters, we were all wondering what kind of virus this must have been to be able to hide for the Anta-Mallard software scans. As we were all suspecting Matt shut down his laptop but he decided to take It home to make sure It wasn’t any of us. An hour later he arrived home and went up to his room. He sat on his bed and put on his laptop. He reopened the File â€Å"Boo† but this time there was a notepad file In It, the file was named untitled 1. He opened the notepad and there were a list of 9 names on It. He goggled those names and found out they were all volts of recent murder cases. Matt didn’t know what to do, contacting the police would raise their suspicion on him and they might think he Is the murderer. He decided to keep quiet about this. He shut off his laptop, and headed to bed. Two some sleeping pills, he received some and took them with a glass of water. The next morning he woke up noticing the laptop open and on, the â€Å"Boo† file was open, but this time there was another folder in the file called â€Å"pictures†. He opened the pictures lading, going through the pictures were pictures of murder with the victim’s names written at the bottom. Matt was shocked from the pictures, Victims were burned and tortured, the last picture had an audio file with it. He played the audio and a weird radio beeping noise went off, screams could be heard in the back ground of the audio, after 6 seconds of weird noises a voice came up and said â€Å"Find what cannot be found†. The screen of the laptop went black after the audio played with a big play button in the middle. Matt clicked the play button and a collection of pictures getting skimmed through quickly created a video of a hand cutting open peoples belly, penetrating the eyes with knifes, cutting of tongues and many more disgusting pictures. On some bodies there was text inscribed in the skin with a knife. At the end of the pictures the voice came up again and said â€Å"Find what cannot be found†, Matt closed his laptop. For the upcoming four weeks Matt isolated himself from everyone else by staying in bed. His parents became more and more worried so eventually they called an ambulance and he was taken to a hospital. From the doctors perspective he experienced a severe transformation at the age of 16. For the four weeks after he was put on the hospital Adam and me visited Matt every four days. Whenever we visited he never said a word and never looked at us, he was always starring at the wall in front of him with tears coming out of his eyes. He wasn’t the same old Matt we knew before, it was terrifying seeing him in that state. More weeks came by, he was still lying in the hospital doing nothing and saying nothing. Just waiting to die. A year has passed and reported on the new a calamity happened, a massacre. The hospital Matt was on caught on fire, after the fire was extinguished. There were nine patients who got burned alive. Three patients had carvings on their skin. Six patients were missing and matt was one of them. The police took Mats laptop into custody and tracked the IP address of the email. It led the police to a huge graveyard where all the victims were buried. It has been six years since the incident and the case has not been solved yet, the missing victims are still missing, not a single trace of them was found, it’s as if they disappeared into thin dust. If you receive an email subjected â€Å"Boo†, please contact the police and whatever you do. DO NOT OPEN IT! How to cite Picture: Victim and Ultrahigh Spec Laptops, Papers

Concept of Intrapreneurship-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: There are resources available on intrapreneurship, how it started, what it is, why companies hire intrapreneurs and what makes people successful as intrapreneurs. With this assignment, you will have an opportunity research articles (journals and articles are acceptable) to help you to understand intrapreneurship. Requirements: Summarize the article Describe your main takeaway from the article Answer: Summary of the article: The article shows the characteristics of the present millennial generation and the different facets of the concept of Intrapreneurship which the generation can embrace. It also mentions that the companies who want to succeed need to follow such a model of intrapreneurship, so that the millennial generation can contribute to the best of their abilities towards the success of the organisation (Forbes Welcome, 2018). The idea of allowing the present young adult generation to do as they please might not be a very suitable option but the reality is that maximum success is achieved only when they are allowed to perform as they please. This allows the untapped energies of the youth to come out and break all superstitions and false beliefs against them considering them to be underperformers or underachievers. It often happens that the youth are not properly understood or their abilities are not properly appreciated as they might not conform to the existing norms of the society or their careers (Moriano et al., 2014). However, according to the author, they have the power and the drive to succeed and make it big in the careers of their choice. Sometimes the youth are blamed for getting it easy their lives as they often take up the businesses of their ancestors. According to the viewpoint of the author it does not in any way imply that the youth are incapable of taking up challenges or creating new, inno vative and successful companies of their choice (Forbes Welcome, 2018). It has been seen that the youth, when they start companies of their own often make choices to start small start-ups and relatively insignificant companies and these decisions of them are often criticised. However, the author opines that the safe side is often taken by the youth as they often experience economic losses or financial crisis on several instances in their lives which teaches them the importance of taking calculated decisions in their lives which are much more likely to be successful (Martiarena, 2013). The author concludes the article by stating that the present generation should not be afraid of taking risks and instead take the plunge wherever they consider it to be necessary, as they have the power to change the universe in a positive way. My personal conclusions from the article: In different spheres, the young generation is bound to find problems and challenges of several categories which might ultimately harm their progress in their careers and lives as a whole. It is desirable to ignore any negativity and instead focus on the learning experiences which they have gained from their lives to apply it in their respective careers. The youth are often scrutinised and judged for their life decisions but they should take it in their stride positively and not become averse to the idea of risk taking in any aspect of their lives. Only then will they be able to prosper in their lives. References: Forbes Welcome. (2018).Forbes.com. Retrieved 17 February 2018, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/lizelting/2017/06/28/millennials-the-opportunity-of-intrapreneurship/#3b0e30eb378e Martiarena, A. (2013). Whats so entrepreneurial about intrapreneurs?.Small Business Economics,40(1), 27-39. Moriano, J. A., Molero, F., Topa, G., Mangin, J. P. L. (2014). The influence of transformational leadership and organizational identification on intrapreneurship.International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,10(1), 103-119.

Alonso Glikman free essay sample

Most everyone there crave cocaine and marijuana. They are break furniture and toss everything in the yard. One day, the boys decided to break the windows of the classroom, and Ishmael badly cuts his hand. He has to be taken to the hospital. The next day, he is again taken to the hospital due to migraine. Ishmael returns to the home where the boys have been there for a month. They are starting to get over the withdrawal symptoms of doing without drugs. But memories of the war keep facing. The boys go their classes, but they pay no attention. They prefer to fight and talk. They always have nightmares every night. At the hospital, Ishmael is befriended by a nurse named Esther. At first, Ishmael has a hard time trusting her. One day, she gives him a present, a Walkman with cassettes of rap music. She notices the scars on his legs from bullet wounds; he tells her the story of how he got them. We will write a custom essay sample on Alonso Glikman or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He continues to suffer from the migraines and nightmares. He is taken in a hospital in Freetown for another reexamination. After that, they spend time in the city, where Esther buys Ishmael a Bob Marley cassette. As the times go by, Ishmael comes to accept Esther’s friendship. He sings rap songs to her. Another night, he has a nightmare, full of killing and blood. He tells Esther his dream. Ishmael enjoys the companionship of Esther. Ishmael performs a monologue from Shakespeare’s play, â€Å"Julius Caesar† at a talent show at the home. He also performs a short play he has written about a boy soldier. Visitors from United Nations and UNICEF are very impressed. Ishmael is asked to become a spokesman for the center. Ishmael has been at the rehab for six months when his childhood friend, Mohamed arrives. They are very happy to see each other. Someone manages to locate Ishmael’s uncle and bring him to Ishmael. When his uncle visits, they go for a walk and get to know each other more. One weekend, Ishmael’s uncle takes him to meet his family. Ishmael is immediately accepted by his family. He is very happy that he has discovered a family that never knew existed.

How Ethernet Works essays

How Ethernet Works essays What Is Ethernet and How Is It Used? A gentlemen by the name of Bob Metcalfe realized that he could improve on a system called the Aloha System which arbitrated access to a shared communications channel. He developed a new system that included a mechanism that detects when a collision occurs (collision detect). The system also includes "listen before talk," in which stations listen for activity (carrier sense) before transmitting, and supports access to a shared channel by multiple stations (multiple access). Put all these components together, and you can see why the Ethernet channel access protocol is called Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect (CSMA/CD). Metcalfe also developed a much more sophisticated backoff algorithm, which, in combination with the CSMA/CD protocol, allows the Ethernet system to function all the way up to 100 percent load. In late 1972, Metcalfe and his Xerox PARC colleagues developed the first experimental Ethernet system to interconnect the Xerox Alto. The Alto was a personal workstation with a graphical user interface, and experimental Ethernet was used to link Altos to one another, and to servers and laser printers. The signal clock for the experimental Ethernet interfaces was derived from the Alto's system clock, which resulted in a data transmission rate on the experimental Ethernet of 2.94 Mbps. Metcalfe's first experimental net was called the "Alto Aloha Network." In 1973 Metcalfe changed the name to "Ethernet," to make it clear that the system could support any computer, and not just Altos, and to point out that his new network mechanisms had evolved well beyond the Aloha system. He chose to base the name on the word "ether" as a way of describing an essential feature of the system: the physical medium (cable) carries bits to all stations, much the same way that the old "luminiferous ether" was once thought to propagate electromagnetic waves through space. Physicists Michelson an...

Construction Economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Construction Economics - Assignment Example The industry provides services such as maintenance, repairs and rehabilitation of existing structures. The industry comprises of three main sectors, which include building construction, heavy and civil engineering and specialty trade contractors. The building and construction sector includes contractors who build buildings for residential, industrial and commercial purposes. Heavy and civil contractors build roads, bridges, sewers and other major projects mostly relate to state infrastructure. Specialty deals with carpentry, painting and other works that relate to all types of construction. The industry teds to enter recessions first and often the last to recover. Most economic factors, which lead to recession, affect the construction industry. Inflation is one of the major causes of recession where consumer goods become expensive resulting to a drop in customer spending. In instances when the economy is expanding, there is increased consumer spending due to better wages and high disposable income. During the economic boom individuals have disposable income, which they use to buy durable goods and assets such as apartments and homes (Samuelson & Nordhaus, 2004 p. 56). In addition, the state acquires more tax revenue, which it utilizes by developing infrastructure. All three sectors of the construction industry indicate tremendous growth during this period. ... This happens in the initial stages of economic contraction. The Federal Reserve additionally, increases the lending interest rates and mortgage rates leading to reduced loans. The monetary control and inflation affect the construction industry even when they are in the early stages of inflation. The fluctuating interest rates results to an increase in the number of defaulters since they are unable to pay (Agapiou et al, 1998, p. 56). Federal Reserve increase in interest rates and reduced money supply result to weak housing market. The increase in lending affects the housing market, which comprises of the building sector of construction industry. Those already building houses are unable to continue due to escalating prices brought by rise in energy cost and fluctuation of currencies. Economic recession heavily affects the construction industry even in the early stages due to initial reduction in customer sending that result to a decrease in the demand of housing due to oversupply. Rec ession affects the industry more when compared to transport, education and financial industries. In addition, housing prices fall leading to a rise in foreclosures. Schmalensee (1987) says that the recession results to a rise in unemployment and thus a decline in the number of construction works (132). An imbalance in supply and demands slows the construction of residential building due to increase in interest rates. For example during 2007 recession total construction in United States declined by 28% (Department of labor). During recession, the government reduces its spending since its budget is normally under strain. This results to a decline in heavy and civil sector of the construction industry, which heavily relies with government projects such as roads and

Countrywide Financial Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Countrywide Financial - Assignment Example Role in the Subprime Mortgage Meltdown Countrywide’s original creation of the practice of service oriented architecture (SOA) was heralded as revolutionary and became an industry standard (Gruman, 2005). The company was the leader in loan origination with others in the industry following suit, however what is unclear and unknown is when the company’s internal operations began to deviate from sound business practices (Jacobs, 2009; Mokhiber & Weissman, 2007). Gearino (2011) uses the example of the chaos theory to describe the affect and the influence Countrywide had on the subsequent mortgage meltdown (p. 40). He summarizes the chaos theory as â€Å"small deviations from the original intent or purpose of something causing varying results† (2011, p. 40). Subsequently, Countrywide’s business practices were small deviations from the standard ways in which mortgages were created and sold as mortgage backed securities (Jacob, 2009, pp. 17-25). What began as a re volutionary way of originating, underwriting, funding, and packaging mortgage loans for sale became the uncertainty of the deviations as hypotheized by Gearino (2011, p. 40).

Working with Federal Reserve's Publications Assignment

Working with Federal Reserve's Publications - Assignment Example Federal Reserve’s Assessment of the Current Economic Activity and Financial Markets and their View on Inflation The financial crisis is on the rise worldwide. Prices of commodities in the markets are shooting up and the consumers are finding it difficult to survive in these harsh financial situations. The financial organization, firms and industries are finding it unbearable to hold on to the competition. In the United States for instance, Fannie Mac and Freddie Mac which are government parastatals were put under receivership. Lehman brothers’ holdings and other large business institutions were either at the verge of collapsing or they actually did collapse. Others were acquired by their competitors under unavoidable circumstances of bankruptcy. Large withdrawals of money were made by stakeholders and investors which affected the money market mutual funds. This undermined the stability of short term funding markets and the bank wholesale funding markets. The strain on f inancial markets has also caused economic activities to decrease. The GDP was reported to have gone down at an annual rate of 6.2 percent in the last quarter of the previous year though recent indicators show some slight improvements. The rate of unemployment moved 7.6 percent .Reacting to deterioration of job markets, loss of equity, housing wealth and tightening of credit conditions, families cut on their spending habits. Buying of homes and construction of new ones are not doing well at all despite the fact that mortgage rates have gone extremely down. This reflects how our economy is uncertain and home prices are likely to fall even lower. Manufacturing sectors have also deteriorated in their output bringing its rate of capacity utilization very low. The weak economy has led to many premises cutting their capital expenditures. Businesses have done their best to reduce the number of investors. Sales will remain poor for some time and the cut down on production is to be evident in the coming months. This was a threat to international economic stability. This projected a devastating financial collapse globally. The treasury saved the situation by injecting 250 billion dollars in to the U.S.A. financial organization. Monetary Policy Tools The Federal Reserve Uses To Stabilize The Economy And Maintain Price Stability.   Late last year, Federal Reserve responded aggressively to the deterioration of financial markets. This was evident in the way they continued to ease monetary policy. The Federal Open Market Committee brought its fund rates at a very low rate of 1/4 percent where it has remained to date. Making the federal funds rates almost zero, the Federal Reserve is focused on other ways in which it can ease tough conditions at the credit markets. They have new facilities and have expanded existing facilities to facilitate the flow of credit services to its customers. (Monetary Policy And The Economy),notes that lower interest rates in the United States wil l lead to decline in the exchange value of the dollar and prompt an increase in price of imports and decline in the price of exports. Auction facility was also increased so that banks could obtain the funds they needed to serve their credit customers better. The FOMC also expanded its network swapping lines with foreign central banks to help in solving the global financial crisis which was now getting into the funding markets of the U.S.A.

Link between Transition and Vulnerable Groups in Albania

Link between Transition and Vulnerable Groups in Albania â€Å"The link between transition and vulnerable groups in Albania† Viola Sadushaj Supervisor: Edith FAVOREU Research topic: â€Å"The link between transition and vulnerable groups in Albania† Problem statement:  Ã¢â‚¬ËœVulnerable groups’ Albania shares with the rest of Europe a cultural and historical heritage with roots in the Greek, Roman, and Ottoman civilizations and the Greek Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Muslim religions. The country’s level of economic development and its physical and social infrastructure are like those of the poorest and least-developed areas in Africa and Latin America. The Albanian population has always been vulnerable to the problems of poverty and isolation from the outside world  [1]. Neither the Government nor the kinship networks have had the capacity to compensate for the social upheavals brought about by the fall of Communism. Since that time, new vulnerable groups have arisen as a direct result of the fragmentation of the social structure. The transition in Albania is characterized by volatile and dramatic disruptions. The country is searching for a way out of its economic and social difficulties without a clear sense of direction, and with little social cohesion to sustain whatever policy the Government may choose. Transition is characterized by disorienting, chaotic events, a loss of traditional social norms and organizational arrangements, a lack of credibility on the part of new political leadership, and the appearance of intermediate institutions operating as enclaves and detached from the dynamics in the society. The events of 1991, threw the country into a state of chaos that has been unpredictable in terms of both duration and outcome, making it very difficult to achieve social progress in a cost-effective, equitable, and compassionate way  [2]. Albania is experiencing the emergence of social needs that cannot be addressed simply in terms of poverty reduction. Poverty reduction strategies generally assume that when an economy begins to improve within a scenario of greater political stability and foreign investment, many of the poor and unemployed will be mainstreamed into productive occupations  [3]. The transition in Albania has identified two main conditions of vulnerability (a) social exclusion, which marginalizes people via the mechanism of rejection from mainstream society, and (b) gender abuse, which marginalizes women via the threat or use of violence. Such conditions have created at least seven highly vulnerable groups in Albania: Youth at risk of abandoning school: Dropping out of school exposes increasing numbers of youth to the risk of social exclusion, street begging in Italy and Greece, and, in the case of girls, gender abuse. It is also an important factor in the resurgence of illiteracy, lack of economic opportunity, and general cultural diminishment. Institutionalized and abandoned children: This group includes orphans, children abandoned by their families, and those with physical handicaps. Such children were strongly penalized under the Communist regime and their condition has not improved. Today their numbers are increasing and they are even more marginalized due to the disruptions and consequent breakdown of family relationships, which are their only guarantee of survival. Young men at risk of criminal behavior: Young men who have finished school are at risk of becoming socially excluded and eventually recruited by the criminal economy. The incidence of this phenomenon is correlated with the income level and employment opportunities in the various areas. Young men at risk of drug addiction: This group is recent origin, present mainly in Tirana and other urban centers, but also rapidly expanding in smaller cities. Albania is becoming one of the major drug crossroads in Europe, with cannabis widely cultivated in the south and heroin coming in from Turkey. Abandoned elderly: Traditional Albanian values require the family to care for the elderly. Nevertheless, massive migration and the breakdown of extended families is resulting in their neglect. Social institutions to care for the elderly are inadequate and unprepared to meet demands for assistance by the increasing numbers who do not have children or are not supported by children who have emigrated. Women at risk of gender abuse: The fall of Communist regime has worsened the condition of women. Young women are initiated into prostitution almost exclusively by close friends or boyfriends, many of them linked to organized crime. There is also a resurgence of the pre-Communist betrothal tradition; which exposes young women to the risk of violence both within and outside the family. As a result of this lack of security, parents are keeping girls out of school. The vulnerable groups have varying features depending on where they are located. All seven groups are found in large numbers in the cities and rural communities of the middle and coastal regions, where uncontrolled migration flows are accelerating the breakdown of the traditional family structure in the context in which no mechanism are in place to support the emergence of strong nuclear families. The lack of economic opportunities for men and women in these areas, combined with the surge of criminal organizations are illegal residences, are producing increasing numbers of abandoned elderly, women, and children and are putting an entire young generation at risk of drug use and criminal activities that victimize others. Problems caused by transition: Loss of state employment, Insecurity due to crime and gang activity, Family disaggregation. Priority needs of people: Improve employment opportunities, Credit for small business, Improve infrastructure: water supply, power, transportation lines, telephone and communication systems etc. Improve social services, Greater security, Education and health services, Reduce the corruption. In this phase of transition, Albania’s representative institutions are formally in place but operationally inadequate, while social intermediary organizations such as citizens associations are few and limited in scope. Large areas of the country, particularly in the north and east, are still organized according to extended family and clan relationships that control local administrations and have little interface with central government institutions. The emergence of the new vulnerable groups in society is at odds with the prevailing kinship ties, and their interests are scarcely represented in Albanias weak body politic. The countrys political institutions are further weakened by the continuing polarization between the Geghs (speakers of the northern dialect) and the Tosks (speakers of the southern dialect) in national politics and the central administration. In addition, the countrys labor unions, a driving force for social protection in Albania (as in all European countries), have collapsed as a result of closure of state industries, leaving industry and agriculture largely to microenterprises and family units. National cohesion also suffers from a fragmented press and the limited coverage of national issues. Religion does not have a significant official political impact in the country, although Moslem and Christian leaders express views on social issues such as abortion and education. As a result of all these factors, decisions relevant to large numbers of people are usually made through consultations and negotiations within informal networks. At the central level the institution that presently endeavors to address the needs of vulnerable groups is the Ministry of Labor, Social Affairs, and Women (MOLSAW). The Ministry operates through its Policy Department and two autonomous subdivisions: the National Employment Services (NES) and the General Administration of Social Services (GASS). Most of MOLSAWs budget comes from the Finance Ministry, although efforts are being made to attract foreign donors and to set up special funds supplied by external aid. MOLSAW is now practicality the only source of financing for social programs, although the law enables rural communes and urban municipalities to levy taxes. In 1996, the NE share of GDP decreased slightly from 1995, with an almost certain decrease in household allocations, and a negative but unquantifiable effect on particularly vulnerable household members. In 1996, households receiving cash benefits were estimated to be approximately 20 percent of all households 35 percent according to World Bank estimates. Large numbers of poor are not eligible for the NE program, including those who moved to urban areas after December 1995- an exclusionary measure designed to slow migration to urban areas. Moreover, many who are eligible cannot get benefits due to the lack of records. The Government provides limited social services through welfare institutions such as orphanages and homes for elderly, with very few social workers monitoring situations of poverty and social exclusion of individuals or groups. At present, there are only 22 Government welfare facilities in the entire country, operated by GASS and located in several communes. They include 5 residences for homeless and abandoned elderly, housing a total of 300 persons (30 applicants are on a waiting list and there are 7,500 pending request for admission); and 7 centers for the handicapped (1 each in Tirana, Berat, Korca, Lezha, and Durres, and 2 in Shkodra). Facilities and attendant services are grossly inadequate. The Government estimates that there are 27,000 handicapped individuals in the country, 6,000 of whom need specific, long-term treatment, which is unavailable. None of the 12 regional GASS offices has a physician on staff. The role of NGOs The traditional extended family and clan-based structure of Albania, together with the half century of Communism, have produced a society in which civic associations, including those active in the care of vulnerable groups and dedicated to social development, are still scarce  [4]. Nevertheless, the number of indigenous NGOs has been increasing over the past years, and many foreign NGOs are also active. These organizations provide a range of social services but act quite independently from one another, and often with little interface with government. Legislation concerning NGOs has been under consideration for some time, including a bill that would license NGOs working with vulnerable groups, as well as establish a mechanism to transfer resources from MOSLAW to those NGOs. The system would presumably consist of a grant fund useable for NGO projects or NGO-run activities; the NGOs would be selected to run certain projects on the basis of tenders. MOSLAW would have the responsibility to inspect and monitor NGO activities funded through that mechanism. The Albanian NGO Forum, the main umbrella organization, includes more than 200 indigenous NGOs, of which roughly 90 appear to carry out some activity, while the others seem to exist in name only; the numbers are inexact due to the lack of registration standards. Most of the organizations are minuscule (one to three persons) and have little in the way of a track record or a well-defined mission. According to the Forum, no more than ten are able to carry out social service programs, and most of these are linked with foreign NGOs or NGO networks, or are supported by international organizations. There are no mass-based, grassroots NGOs. The Forum is oriented toward national development and civil progress issues. Of its 90 operative members, 18 are dedicated to womens issues, and 4 of these are said to be influential in promoting networking among women to place gender issues on the national agenda. Others are involved in providing microcredit and skills training, thereby acting as informa tion bridges to open up new economic and social perspective to their beneficiaries. Many of these are rural women, who are encouraged by such programs to start their own businesses. A number of international NGOs are also active in Albania, the largest network of which is run by the Catholic Church. This network consists of worship, education, health, and social service centers staffed by a total of about 100 religious and lay personnel. The activities are carried out mainly in Tirana and major centers in the traditionally Catholic northern regions. Several Islamic NGOs also run childcare, education, and health programs. Some lay NGOs are active in issues concerning women, children, and babies; and one, the Soros Foundation, is becoming involved in the Albanian Development Funds urban microcredit program. While the international NGOs are making valuable contributions to human welfare, however their presence in the country remains suboptimal, which prevents them from undertaking programs that could have a system-wide impact. Research Questions: Is the transition process inclusive or exclusive regarding vulnerable groups? Does the transition process contribute to specific changes for the vulnerable groups? What should do the state of Albania to address a better response to these vulnerable groups in this process of transition? Bibliography: Books: -Alexandra Barahona De Brito, Carmen Gonzalez Enriquez, Paloma Aguilar, â€Å"The Politics of Memory and Democratization: Transitional Justice in Democratizing Societies: Transitional Justice in Democratizing Societies†, OUP Oxford, 2001. -Attila Agh, â€Å"Emerging Democracies in East Central Europe and the Balkans†, Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc., 1998. -Clarissa De Waal, â€Å"Albania today: a portrait of post-communist turbulence†, I.B.Tauris, 2007. -Elez Biberaj, â€Å"Albania: a socialist moverick†, Westview Press, 1990. -Fatos Tarifa, â€Å"To Albania with love†, The Rowman Littlefield Publishing Group Incorporated, 2007. -Fatos Tarifa, Max Spoor, â€Å"The first decade and after: Albanian’s democratic transition and consolidation in the context of Southeast Europe†, CESTRAD, Institute of Social Studies, 2000. -Hans-Peter Jost, Christina Kleineidam, Fatos Lubonja, â€Å"Albania in transition 1991†, Benteli, 2011. -James Pettifer Miranda Vickers, â€Å"The Albanian Question, Reshaping the Balkans†, I.B.Tauris, 2007. -Krassimira Daskalova, Caroline Hornstein TomiĆ¡, Karl Kaser, Filip Radunovic, â€Å"Gendering Post-socialist Transition: Studies of Changing Gender Perspectives†, LIT Verlag Mà ¼nster, 2012. -Lavinia Stan, â€Å"Transitional Justice in Eastern Europe and Former Soviet Union : Reckoning with the communist past†, The Routledge, 2009. -Lavinia Stan, â€Å"Transitional Justice in Post-Communist, Romania, The Politics of Memory†, Cambridge University Press, 2012. -Matteo Fochessati, Rubens Shima, Sandra Solimano, â€Å"Arte in Albania prima e dopo il 1990 : cosi vicina, cosi lontana†, Silvana, 2009. -Misha Glenny, â€Å"The Balkans, Nationalism, War and the Great Powers, 1804-2011†, Penguin books, 2012. -Neil J.Kritz, â€Å"Transitional Justice: How emerging democracies reckon with Former Regimes†, US Institute of Peace Press, 1995. -Olivera Simic, Zala Volcic, â€Å"Transitional Justice and Civil Society in the Balkans†, Springer, 2012. -Owen Pearson, â€Å"Albania in the twentieth century: a history, volume III: Albania as dictatorship and democracy: From isolation to the Kosovo War†, The Center for Albanian Studies in association with I.B.Touris, 2006. -Peter Lucas, foreword by Fatos Tarifa, â€Å"The OSS in World War II Albania: Covert operations and Collaborations with Communist Partisans†, McFarland Company, Incorporated Publishers, 2007. [1] Clarissa De Waal, â€Å"Albania today: a portrait of post-communist turbulence†, I.B.Tauris, 2007, pg.5. [2] Clarissa De Waal, â€Å"Albania today: a portrait of post-communist turbulence†, I.B.Tauris, 2007, pg.6. [3] Clarissa De Waal, â€Å"Albania today: a portrait of post-communist turbulence†, I.B.Tauris, 2007, pg.8. [4] Albanian NGOs are most active in sectors such as health, education, culture, youth, women, and the environment.

Open Source vs Traditional Development Essays -- Essays Papers

Open Source vs Traditional Development In the world of technology today there is room for everyone at every level of expertise. From our identified Gurus, to the just bought their first computer newbie. Home computers are sometimes almost to easy to use. The old saying "just enough rope to hang yourself" comes to mind. Settings that modify the very way the system looks, and runs can be changed with the simple click of the mouse. This power, which has been given to every level of user, is not from training, but from improvements and advancements in the system, and application software on the computer. This software is in a constant state of development, improving on current features and adding new ones. Out of this regular and consistent update in technology have grown many theories and Ideas on how software should be developed and controlled. From corporate America, to college campuses everyone has an idea from one extreme to the other. On one side the belief all software should be free and open to all, and the other protecting software secrets like a rabid guard dog. Of course, both sides believe the other is a fanatic with a complete lack of sense. The real dividing line is not actually the control and distribution of the software itself, but the blueprint or source code that creates it. That source code is the human readable text that defines what the software does, and looks like. From that a compiler converts it to a form used by the computer know as machine code. In this compiled format it appears to be complete garbage to the average person, even to most people considered to be computer professionals or gurus. Most software--at least on the traditional side--is distributed in its compiled form. The original intent of compiling was not to protect the source code, but this has been one benefit to the software developers. Since a computer can not read the source code, a program is complied to allow it to run on similar type of hardware without the requirement of special software to interpret it into machine code. The traditional and most common form of source code control today uses copyrights and the judicial system to protect it. Companies like Microsoft vigilantly protect their vital copyrighted assets by utilizing the court systems any time it feels a threat from an outside source. An alternate form of source code co... ...continue to embrace the OSS movement it will in itself create an industry with more competition, a higher level of standards, and more consumer choice. Closed software has proven to close the market and allow it to be controlled by a single monopoly. The monopolistic technology environment of today has created bloated applications and a complete void of choice for consumers. Bibliography: Stallman, Richard (1998), Linux and the GNU Project. In Free Software Foundation: [On-Line]. Avaialble: http://www.fsf.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html Cooper, Charles (Friday, November 5, 1999), Microsoft judged a monopoly. In ZDNET: [On-Line]. Avaialble: http://macweek.zdnet.com/1999/10/31/monopoly.html Open Resources (1999-06-17), Apache. In Open Resources/The Free Source: [On-Line]. Available: http://www.openresources.com/documents/halloween-1/node10.html OSI –Open Source Intiative- (2000), Introduction to Open Source. In opensource.org: [On-Line]. Available: http://www.opensource.org/intro.html Steven, Eric (08/24/2000), Cathedral and the Bazaar/Section 1. In Cathedral and the Bazaar: [On-Line]. Available: http://www.tuxedo.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar/ Open Source vs Traditional Development Essays -- Essays Papers Open Source vs Traditional Development In the world of technology today there is room for everyone at every level of expertise. From our identified Gurus, to the just bought their first computer newbie. Home computers are sometimes almost to easy to use. The old saying "just enough rope to hang yourself" comes to mind. Settings that modify the very way the system looks, and runs can be changed with the simple click of the mouse. This power, which has been given to every level of user, is not from training, but from improvements and advancements in the system, and application software on the computer. This software is in a constant state of development, improving on current features and adding new ones. Out of this regular and consistent update in technology have grown many theories and Ideas on how software should be developed and controlled. From corporate America, to college campuses everyone has an idea from one extreme to the other. On one side the belief all software should be free and open to all, and the other protecting software secrets like a rabid guard dog. Of course, both sides believe the other is a fanatic with a complete lack of sense. The real dividing line is not actually the control and distribution of the software itself, but the blueprint or source code that creates it. That source code is the human readable text that defines what the software does, and looks like. From that a compiler converts it to a form used by the computer know as machine code. In this compiled format it appears to be complete garbage to the average person, even to most people considered to be computer professionals or gurus. Most software--at least on the traditional side--is distributed in its compiled form. The original intent of compiling was not to protect the source code, but this has been one benefit to the software developers. Since a computer can not read the source code, a program is complied to allow it to run on similar type of hardware without the requirement of special software to interpret it into machine code. The traditional and most common form of source code control today uses copyrights and the judicial system to protect it. Companies like Microsoft vigilantly protect their vital copyrighted assets by utilizing the court systems any time it feels a threat from an outside source. An alternate form of source code co... ...continue to embrace the OSS movement it will in itself create an industry with more competition, a higher level of standards, and more consumer choice. Closed software has proven to close the market and allow it to be controlled by a single monopoly. The monopolistic technology environment of today has created bloated applications and a complete void of choice for consumers. Bibliography: Stallman, Richard (1998), Linux and the GNU Project. In Free Software Foundation: [On-Line]. Avaialble: http://www.fsf.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html Cooper, Charles (Friday, November 5, 1999), Microsoft judged a monopoly. In ZDNET: [On-Line]. Avaialble: http://macweek.zdnet.com/1999/10/31/monopoly.html Open Resources (1999-06-17), Apache. In Open Resources/The Free Source: [On-Line]. Available: http://www.openresources.com/documents/halloween-1/node10.html OSI –Open Source Intiative- (2000), Introduction to Open Source. In opensource.org: [On-Line]. Available: http://www.opensource.org/intro.html Steven, Eric (08/24/2000), Cathedral and the Bazaar/Section 1. In Cathedral and the Bazaar: [On-Line]. Available: http://www.tuxedo.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar/

Human Resource Development Essay

In both definitions we see that learning was in some form mentioned as being part of human resource development, and from further understanding of HRD we see that learning is important in all aspects of HRD efforts. According to the text Human Resource Management by Jon M. Werner and Randy L. DeSimone they defined learning a relatively permanent change in behavior, cognition, or affect that occurs as a result of one’s interaction with the environment. There are three basic principles of learning contiguity, the law of effect and practice. Practice is stated to be repeating the event with the hope that it will increase the strength of what is being taught. For example in any sporting area practice is needed to strengthen the players and so to in the business environment. In understanding how practice works in order to maximize learning we look at the primary area of the training design under the categories of conditions of practice and retention of what is learned. There are at least six issues that relate to practice and learning they are; active practice, massed versus spaced practice sessions, whole versus part learning, overlearning ,knowledge of result and task sequences. From the six issues the three that I would considers using are; Active practice proposes that the individual who is being taught should be given the opportunity to repeatedly perform the task or use the knowledge being learned. For example surgeons, rescue squad, pilots, just to name a few should be given avenues to practice hat they learned. Same goes for training the mechanics to install the automobile air-conditioners using the new installation procedures, if the mechanics are allowed to practice the theory that was taught it would leave room for better understanding of what is required of them and result in better outcomes on the jobs confirming , that the new procedures was learnt. Massed versus spaced practice involve whether the training should be conducted in one session or divided into segments separated by a period of time. Studies have shown that spaced practice sessions lead to better performance and longer retention but are more effect for difficult and complex tasks, however the task at hand isn’t difficult and can be taught in one session. Overlearning is practice beyond the point at which the material or task is mastered. This is another condition in which the trainers can implement when training the mechanics to install the air conditioners using the new procedures, giving the mechanics enough opportunities to keep practicing the task will soon become simple The goal goes beyond the trainee learning the task or material but also retaining it. There are three additional issues that influence retention; these are the meaningfulness of the material, the degree of original learning and interference. The more meaningful and factual the information is the easier it is learned and remembered and since the new procedure is important for the installation of the air conditioners the mechanics would seek more interest and retain the information effectively , as they would see it fit to keep their jobs and acquire more customers. Secondly for the mechanics to continually retain the information being learned there should be little or no interference or it should be taken into consideration when training. This meaning that sometimes the knowledge of the old procedure might affect the way the mechanics learn the new procedure also if new steps are added while installing the air conditioner in a different vehicle it can cause confusion in the learning process. The case of the new Employee Assistant Programme Act, since it is an act where information may be presented in a document and the managers can always refer to it when needed, I would suggest using the conditions of active practice. This being the Employees Assistance Programme Act would be something that they would have to implement everyday so it would certainly give the managers the opportunity to perform the task and use the knowledge being used. Also because there is no real step by step process of implementing the act then the conditions of a massed practice session can be put in place, for example a meeting can be held where all managers are taught and given an explanation of the act and why it is necessary, as well as the document of the act where they can refer to when needed. By giving an explanation and ensure the managers what is the purpose and the reason for the Employee Assistant Programme Act , it leaves room for better retention since they are aware of the meaningfulness of they are being taught. Also distinguishing the difference from similar acts can reduce the interference of confusion and misunderstands. In conclusion if the these conditions and retentions are used in the training design both the employees and the managers can experience maximum learning and show that in order to learn practice is required. Read more: http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/human-resource-development-HRD. html#ixzz2MgJJc071

Chartist Women essays

Chartist Women essays In the beginning of Anna Clarks essay, "Manhood, Womanhood, and the Politics of Class in Britain, 1790-1845," she describes to the reader how the British political system was set up before the Chartists were formed. The upper and middle-classes were the groups with the political authority and the working-class and peasants had nothing politically. The politicians of this time were all men and were looked down upon by the working-class men due to their namby-pamby homogeneous appearance. The working-class men styled themselves as "real men," hard working, strong men that knew their sexual identity, unlike, it seemed, those in political offices. With all of this manliness being flaunted everywhere, the women of this time were trying to find a niche in the political system along with these working-class men. Eventually both men and women of the working-class came together and were both in the Chartist movement together. Of course, at this time in history, it was looked down on for a woman to want to be in politics. The woman was supposed to stay in the home and nurture the children, not to meddle in the affairs of politics. Ms. Clark then tells of how the women get into politics because they believe that if politics was the reason why they could not get good food and decent shelter to take care of their families, then it was every womans right to be involved in politics. For a while, both Chartist men and women believed in these issues along with the normal political issues of the time, such as suffrage for all people. For one of the first times in history, some men actually supported the right for women suffrage. This was another goal of the Chartists and all women. (Not just the working class, but that wasnt discussed in this essay ,soIm not going to say anything about the Suffragettes in this paper.) After about ten years, the Chartists started to veer away from their grass-roots campa ...

Complete List of Mary Higgins Clark Books

Complete List of Mary Higgins Clark Books Mary Higgins Clark began writing short stories as a way to supplement her familys income. After her husband died in 1964, she wrote radio scripts until her agent persuaded her to try to write a novel. When her first novel- a fictional biography of George Washington- didnt sell well, she turned to writing mystery and suspense novels. More than 100 million books later, it is safe to say she made the right choice. All of her suspense novels- some written with her daughter Carol Higgins Clark- have become bestsellers. Mary Higgins Clark is the acknowledged queen of psychological suspense. Here is a list of the books and stories she has written over the years. 1968-1989: The Early Years After the lackluster sales of the fictional biography Aspire to the Heavens, Higgins Clark faced several family and financial crises before finally delivering her second book Where Are the Children? to her publisher. The novel became a bestseller and Higgins Clark had no financial worries for the first time in many years. Two years later, Higgins Clark sold A Stranger Is Watching for $1.5 million. The litany of work that would result in her title The Queen of Suspense was firmly underway. In time, many of her novels would become big-screen movies. 1968 - Aspire to the Heavens (later retitled Mt. Vernon Love Story)1975 - Where Are the Children?1977 - A Stranger is Watching1980 - The Cradle Will Fall1982 - A Cry in the Night1984 - Stillwatch1987 - Weep No More, My Lady1989 - While My Pretty One Sleeps1989 - The Anastasia Syndrome and Other Stories 1990-1999: Recognition Higgins Clark has won many awards for her work including the National Arts Clubs Gold Medal in Education in 1994 and the Horatio Alger Award in 1997. She has been awarded 18 honorary doctorates, and was chosen as Grand Master for the 2000 Edgar Awards. 1990 - Voices in the Coal Bin and Thats the Ticket (Short stories available as an audiobook)1991 - Loves Music, Loves to Dance1992 - All Around the Town1992 - Lucky Day (Audiobook)1993 - Ill Be Seeing You1993 - Death on the Cape and Other Stories1993 - Mother (With Amy Tan and Maya Angelou)1993 - Milk Run and Stowaway (Short stories)1994 - Remember Me1994 - The Lottery Winner and Other Stories1995 - Let Me Call You Sweetheart1995 - Silent Night1995 - Pretend You Dont See Her1996 - Moonlight Becomes You1996 - My Gal Sunday1997 - The Plot Thickens1998 - You Belong to Me1998 - All Through The Night1999 - Well Meet Again 2000-2009: Higgins Clark Co-Writes With Daughter Higgins Clark added several books a year during this decade and began to write occasionally with her daughter Carol Higgins Clark. Their partnership began with Christmas-themed books and has expanded to other topics. 2000 - Before I Say Good-Bye2000 - Deck the Halls (with Carol Higgins Clark)2000 - Mount Vernon Love Story2000 - The Night Awakens2001 - On The Street Where You Live2001 - He Sees You When Youre Sleeping (with Carol Higgins Clark)2001 - Kitchen Privileges, A Memoir2002 - Daddys Little Girl2003 - The Second Time Around2004 - Nighttime Is My Time2004 - The Christmas Thief (with Carol Higgins Clark)2005 - Where Are the Children?2005 - The Classic Clark Collection2005 - No Place Like Home2006 - The Night Collection2006 - Two Little Girls in Blue2006 - Santa Cruise: A Holiday Mystery at Sea (with Carol Higgins Clark)2007 - I Heard That Song Before2007 - Ghost Ship2008 - Where are You Now?2008 -2009 -Â   2010 to Present: Higgins Clark Books Reign as Bestsellers Astonishingly, all Higgins Clark suspense books have been bestsellers and most are still in print. She continued to write several books a year to add to her impressive portfolio of work. 2010 - The Shadow of Your Smile2011 - Ill Walk Alone2011 - The Magical Christmas Horse2012 - The Lost Years2013 - Daddys Gone A Hunting2013 - Inherit the Dead2014 - Ive Got You Under My Skin2014 - The Cinderella Murder2015 - Silent Night2015 - The Mystery Writers of America Cookbook2015 - Death Wears a Beauty Mask and Other Stories2015 - The Five-Dollar Dress (short fiction)2015 - The Melody Lingers On2015 - All Dressed in White2016 - As Time Goes By2016 - The Sleeping Beauty Killer2017 - All By Myself, Alone

Week-2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week-2 - Essay Example The limitation of this channel is that feedback of the passed information is poor. Video conferencing is another channel in which physical media uses to relay out information. Rao et al (27) denotes that video conferencing involves the use of a video to provide information to a large group of people. This method is effective the same information is stored, and disseminated in its original form (Rao et al, 31). It is also possible to pass the same kind of information over a long period of time. It is disadvantageous because it does not provide an opportunity for dialogue. Because of this, the people targeted cannot give their feedback concerning the particular message. Mechanical media refers to written or an electronic methodology of passing out information. This involves emails, personal letters and the social media. This channel is used in providing a more detailed piece of information, and is targeted to a particular audience (Rai et al, 21). In this channel of communication, an individual interprets the message relayed on him or herself, and makes meaning out of them basing on his or her mental condition. By use of email, a communicator targets a specific group of individuals, and it is fast. A communicator can also provide a detailed description of a task through the attachments options provided in an email. This channel is disadvantageous because it requires expertise in internet use. Some people lack skills in computer applications, and internet use, and this limits their knowledge and use of emails in communication (Rai et al, 41). Use of personal letters is also an important methodology of communication. This is because a communicator can send specific information about certain issues. The recipient has an ability to send feedback to the communicator, making the process of communication complete. The social media is another important methodology of communication under the mechanical

A systematic review of the effect of midwifery care for the bladder in Dissertation

A systematic review of the effect of midwifery care for the bladder in labour - Dissertation Example 3 p. 25 Fig. 4 p. 34 Fig. 5 p. 34 Table 1 p. 31 Table 2 p. 48 Chapter 1 Introduction Urinary incontinence (UI) is now being considered as one of the most prevalent conditions worldwide (Lapitan, 2009). Studies have shown that UI affects both men and women. However, it has also been observed that there is a significant difference in the distribution of UI between men and women. Agazzoti, Pesci, Gresce et al (2000) have found out that the prevalence of UI is significantly higher to women than men and that the difference in prevalence becomes more apparent if age is factored. In addition, it is also been learned that women have twice increased chances of being incontinent compared with men (Lapitan, 2009). This finding supports other studies claiming that women have risk increased in becoming incontinent (Ueda, Tamaki, Kageyama et al., 2000; Nelson, Fumer, Jesudason et al., 2001). Pregnancy and postpartum women are a special group with high prevalence of UI. Pregnancy –associated UI is considered as a transient condition in lieu of changes in the body of the pregnant woman, which â€Å"includes fluctuating hormonal levels, increased urine production and changes in the position and relations of pelvic structures in relation to the enlarging uterus occurring during gestation† (Lapitan, 2009, p. 4 -5). On the other hand, postpartum UI is attributed to the changes in the pelvic floor anatomy after childbirth. This condition is believed to be persistent among women (O’Connell, Hannah, Bailey et al., 2002). In effect, there are sufficient studies supporting the claim that there is prevalence of UI among pregnant women and women, in general (O’Connell, et al., 2002; Peake & Menderson, 2003; Samuelsson, Victor & Tibblin, 1997). In the face of this reality, the significant role of midwives in determining the extent of UI of pregnant women is essential in preparing and providing the necessary care that pregnant women needs as they undergo physiol ogical and social changes inherent in pregnancy. Although UI is not life threatening, studies have shown it contributes to a diminish quality of life (Lapitan, 2009; Wagg et al., 2007). In this regard, gaining an understanding of how midwives view incontinence in relation with pregnancy and labour provides a foundation with which responsive to the problem of UI can be framed. As such, this research will be dealing with midwives’ perception pertinent to bladder care. Background of the Study Pregnancy is a complex physiological and social event. However, the increasing intervention of medical technology and medical intervention in pregnancy have contributed to the medicalisation of pregnancy. Although the medicalisation of pregnancy has reduced significantly maternal mortality rate, there is now an increasing question regarding its necessity in terms of normal labour (Johanson, Newburn & Mcfarlane, 2002). The need for approach to pregnancy and birth not only from the perspectiv e physiology, but also from the view of the person – the pregnant woman- is increasingly gaining ground. In other words, the call for being

Evaluating the effectiveness of training on local employees in Asian Research Paper

Evaluating the effectiveness of training on local employees in Asian hospitality industries as a European human resources manager - Research Paper Example The Asian hospitality industry is in a constant state of evolution in a variety of ways.Primarily,changing social,economic and cultural values as a product of globalization and industrial development have improved accessibility of tourism-related locations to foreign customers and have also changed the methodology by which local employees interact with a broad demographic base of customers. As Asian countries become more developed and sustain competitive hospitality industries, the need to understand the diverse and complex lifestyles and attitudes of foreign (and sometimes domestic) visitors becomes a paramount need in order to satisfy clients and create a positive brand reputation for the specific hospitality business. Visitors maintain unique preferences and demands when it comes to their tourism experience and since front line employees are the first point of contact for these customers, it is imperative that the staff understands these needs and are offered appropriate training to make customer experiences rewarding and ensure long-term loyalty to the hospitality brand. In Asian hospitality industries that are led by expatriate European human resources managers, it becomes more difficult to streamline training and understand what drives local employee values, cultures and general beliefs related to lifestyle and the workplace environment. There are significant cultural differences between European leadership and Asian culture, thus making the job of providing adequate training even more difficult. This proposed research study evaluates the effectiveness of training on local employees in the Asian hospitality industry when considering the influence of European human resource management principles and ideals. 2. Literature review This section undertakes a review and analysis of existing literature on the Asian hospitality industry, cultural principles, and European values when or if they are extended into Asian businesses. 2.1 Cultural frameworks One primary understanding that needs to be explored in this proposed research study is the difference between European leadership and Asian employees at the cultural level. European human resources managers generally hail from cultures that are globalized and have a long-standing industrialized and commercial history. Much of this influence has come from Western countries, such as the United States, that acted as the framework for much of the modern human resources principles being used in a variety of industries today. European leaders are from individualistic societies, under Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Framework, whereby managers and employees value self-expression and independence in the workplace and tend to value personal goal attainment over that of group goal-setting and group-oriented rewards (Blodgett, Bakir & Rose, 2008). In this type of organisation or culture, individualists seek more decision-making authority and job role autonomy in order to remain loyal and satisfied so that they can become performance-oriented and seek to meet strategic goals. This individualistic attitude drives the majority of their human resources policies as it relates to employee training and learning. In Asian cultures, however, there is a strong, historical trend toward collectivism. This type of culture values group norms and group affiliation over individualized expression where â€Å"they view themselves as a member of an extended family, place group interests ahead of individual needs, and value reciprocation of favours and respect for tradition† (Blodgett et al, p.339). Employees that have strong collectivist values often seek opinion and networking from peers and operate well in very structured, centralized management hierarchies. Collectivists

Alternatives to Nuclear Energy Essay Example for Free

Alternatives to Nuclear Energy Essay Risky Nuclear Energy Nuclear energy is a bargain on the short run; it is cheap, produces a lot of power, and a nuclear plant can be built virtually anywhere. The plant does not give off any carbon dioxide or sulfur, but unfortunately, the good news ends here. Nuclear Energy produces a by-product called radioactive waste, or spent fuel rods, and can be dangerously radioactive for more than four hundred human generations. Fortunately, there are alternatives that provide clean, cheap energy without the use of radioactive elements. A newly developed power plants that runs off of spent fuel cells and geothermal power can be solutions to nuclear energy. Even though alternatives such as reused uranium and geothermal power can be solutions, they have a few drawbacks such as location and distance, but the advantages outweigh the disadvantages and are much safer to operate than nuclear energy. Nuclear energy makes up 20% of the United States electricity and provides 17% of the worlds electricity (EPA. gov, Nuclear Power). Although nuclear reactors do not produce greenhouse gasses, mining and refining uranium requires large amounts of energy. If Transatomics reactor is built, it would capture 98 percent of the energy in spent fuel pellets, meet the nations energy needs for 70 years, and makes the radioactive waste inert within a couple of hundred years (David Ferris). Although radiation meltdown is and other nations. Instead fuel calls lasting more than four hundred generations, it might Just last for only four. Another solution to nuclear power and oil drilling is geothermal power. Using hot water from deep underground, geothermal energy might provide a cheaper alternative to diesel (Loy). Geothermal power utilizes heat from the Earth to superheat water and create enough steam to power a generator. The heated water is then fed back into the Earth to replenish the supply and continue the process. Power is generated similarly in nuclear and geothermal power plants. Both use heat to increase the temperature of water and then send the steam to drive a turbine. The only difference between the two is that nuclear power plants uses dangerous nonrenewable fuel while geothermal power uses the heat of the Earth, an almost inexhaustible source of energy. Geothermal power plants have to be located next to or above specific locations with high hot springs underneath. This is a problem in some countries because it either has no hot underground reservoirs or geothermal areas are too far away from urban centers, where electricity is needed the most. Although location is a drawback, the only potential danger from a geothermal power plant is a pressure exposition from one of the income pipes or pressure tanks. In the event of a pressure exposition, the only gas released into the atmosphere is water vapor and flying debris. It does not have the potential to spread cancer to thousands or harm more than 6 million people. An addition to clean, safe power, the plant can be hidden underground because it does not produce any emissions such as carbon dioxide or even water vapor. All the gasses are contained in the tubes and chambers, allowing the plant to be able to operate in confined areas. This can enable power plants to be built in pristine locations or urban centers without affecting the wildlife or busy traffic on the surface. Nuclear energy should not be there future of the worlds power source. Although it is a cheaper alternative to renewable resources, it is many times more environmentally costly and can affect millions of peoples lives if an accident were to occur. Nuclear power has developed over the decades, but I think we should let go of this last-century source and move on to more earth-friendly alternatives. Many power companies use power from renewable sources such as solar or wind, you can help change the course of America by switching power companies or contacting your local politicians about changing our infrastructure for the better.

Greatest Happiness Principle Analysis Philosophy Essay

Greatest Happiness Principle Analysis Philosophy Essay Some of the eighteenth century English moralists, including Butler and Shaftesbury, stressed the naturalness of benevolence or of seeking the good of others and of its place in the moral life and Hutcheson actually stated that the objective or material end of good conduct is the greatest happiness for the numbers, the phrase that came to be the motto of English Utilitarianism. The great leaders of this school at its prosperous period, the beginning of the nineteenth century, were Bentham, James Mill, and his son, John Stuart Mill. If these moralists had merely argued for a purely hedonistic theory of ethics, maintaining that pleasure is the sole good, their theory might not have met with such general acceptance. Attributed with the fundamentals of utilitarianism are Jeremy Bentham and afterward, John Stuart Mill. They are often referenced together; however, each had opposed viewpoints on more than a few aspects of the theory. Bentham was more basic in his image of utility, focusing on the primal human instincts of making the most of pleasure and avoiding pain. He promoted a scheme called the hedonic calculus. In this method, one could algebraically decide the right choice by setting the potential positive outcomes and negative consequences of an action against another. Bentham was comfortable equating the pleasure of a game of pushpin to that of reading poetry; Mill was choosier, articulating hierarchies of pleasures depending upon their scholarly value. Utilitarianism is based on two sets of premises, the axiomatic truths of egoistic hedonism on one side, and the principles of benevolence and equity on the other side. A mans dedication to the pursuit of general happiness is the best means of achieving happiness for him so reconciliation between egoistic hedonism and utilitarianism maybe possible upon recognition that another persons happiness is of identical value to ones own. Mill believed that the most ethical action was that which brought the most people the greatest amount of happiness. Happiness, according to Mill, is pleasure and the absence of pain, and unhappiness is pain, and the privation of pleasure. The crux of Mills ethical theory is his Greatest Happiness Principle, according to which actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. Every human being tries to promote his or her own happiness, and avoid unhappiness, which is natural rather than ethical however promoting happiness becomes an ethical theory when applied to all human beings, rather than just individuals. Utility is defined as maximizing pleasure over pain, According to Mill, human pleasures are much superior to animalistic ones: once people are made aware of their higher faculties, they will never be happy to leave them uncultivated; thus happiness is a sign that we are exercising our higher faculties. It is true that some pleasures may be base; however, this does not mean that all of them are: rather, some are intrinsically more valuable than others. When making a moral judgment on an action, utilitarianism thus takes into account not just the quantity, but also the quality of the pleasures resulting from. A pleasure is of higher quality if people would choose it over a different pleasure even if it is accompanied by discomfort, and if they would not trade it for a greater amount of the other pleasure. Moreover, Mill contends, it is an unquestionable fact that, given equal access to all kinds of pleasures, people will prefer those that appeal to their higher faculties. The people best qualified to judge a pleasures quality are people who have experienced both the higher and the lower. Furthermore, Mill observed that even if the possession of a noble character brought less happiness to the individual, society would still benefit. Mill also argues that peoples achievement of goals and ends, such as virtuous living, should be counted as part of their happiness. Since the utilitarians standard for judging an act is the happiness of all people, not of the agent alone, thus, a person must not value his own happiness over the happiness of others; and law and education help to instill this generosity in individuals. However, this does not mean that peoples motives must only be to serve the greatest good; indeed utilitarianism is not concerned with the motives behind an action; the morality of an action depends on the goodness of its result only. Moreover, in most aspects of everyday life, a person will not be affecting large numbers of other people, and thus need not consider his or her actions in relation to the good of all, but only to the good of those involved. It is only the people who work in the public sphere and affect many other people who must think about public utility on a regular basis. Utilitarianisms sanctions (internal and external),a feeling for humanity, are based on natural human sentiments, which the proper system of education could nurture. In order to show that happiness is the sole criterion for morality, it is necessary to show that people never desire anything but happiness. Mill says that people do desire things like virtue, which in common language is distinguished from happiness. However, Mill states that people love virtue only because it constitutes a part of happiness. Mill argues that happiness is not an abstract idea, but a whole with component parts. Because virtue is a part of happiness, and promotes the general happiness, utilitarianism encourages the development of virtue. Act Utilitarianism holds that actions should be judged directly according to their consequences for happiness while rule utilitarians are in favor of the principle that actions should be judged according to rules which, if followed, will have consequences conducive to the greater happiness. Critical appreciation Contrary to the impression Benthams and Mills highlighting upon pleasure may give, utilitarianism does not imply or endorse an egotistical approach to life. Bentham says, Each is to count for one and no one for more than one. i.e. my own pleasures and pains and those of others are to be calculated and compared exactly on a par. Utilitarian(s) insist that everyones welfare should be treated as equal. This ensures that utilitarianism is not an egotistical doctrine. Neither is utilitarianism altruistic, i.e. it does allow us to be concerned with our own welfare, though not to the exclusion of others, an attitude of generalized benevolence. The statement that pleasure is the only thing that is desirable commits a naturalistic fallacy. Desirable means what ought to be desired cannot be defined in terms of what men desire and that men actually desire it is no proof of a thing being desirable To infer from the statement that each persons happiness is a good to each particular person, the conclusion that the general happiness is good to the whole number of persons, commits the fallacy of composition.

Gender Dichotomies on MTV Essay -- MTV Sex Feminism Females Macho Essa

Gender Dichotomies on MTV TV is a worldwide phenomenon that has defined an entire generation. Six out of ten households receive MTV as part of their basic cable service, and adolescents spend, on average, two hours a day watching the network (Signorelli, McLeod, & Healy 92). This is not only in America. Viacom, MTV’s parent company, claims to reach 320 million households in 90 countries on 5 continents for 24 hours a day (Mundy 240). Such a large spanning audience has many worried about the great world influence the network has. One such questionable effect of MTV is the power the network to perpetuate the stereotypes depicting women as purely sexual beings, not respectable individuals. This is a difficult controversy to discern because it is only "the latest skirmish in a never ending culture war between young women trying to control their sexuality and a society which fears its power," (When Sex Goes Pop) MTV’s sexual depictions have been criticized because of the poor representation and explicit sexualization of women and young girls. To sexualize is to make the performer or extra in a music video worthless aside from his or her sexual appeal. Please note that I did say "his" or "her", but by the end of my paper you will know that, statistically, the overwhelming number of individuals whom are sexualized are female. I believe something needs to be done to stop this, but others do not perceive these "sexual video images" as a threat. These people seem to discount such displays as rock-n-roll culture and believe that people are wasting their time overanalyzing music videos. These MTV supporters, artists, and record executives perceive the scantily clad women as a display of self-assurance or a well-made business decisio... ...hese should not include the MTV-esque scantily clad overly made up women that they see in music videos. Rather, they should be presented of self-assured, realistic looking, kind women who make positive contributions to society. One such example is Mia Hamm, the first person, male or female, to be named the US soccer athlete of the year for three consecutive years. In the 1996 Olympic games, Mia sprained her ankle in the first round but feigned the injury and led her team to victory as world champions. When you contrast such an amazing athletic performance to that of Britney Spears it is enough to make one sick. Young girls should not be emulating Britney who allows herself to be manipulated by powerful record executives; rather, girls should be looking up to real women who are capable of overcoming adversity. We must be better ancestors and provide such role models.

Definition of Marine Biology

Marine Biology also refers to Biological Sciences or Biological Oceanography. Marine Science is the general term for research conducted in oceans and coastal or inland waters connected to the sea. This particular field is probably the best known to the public. Marine Biology deals with the study of micro and living organisms such as plants, animals, viruses, and bacteria in oceans, estuaries, and other bodies of salt water. In the feild of Marine Biology you plan, participate in, and administer research programs for government experiment stations such as private research centers, manufactoring irms, and medical service industries. Tools and equipment for this career includes lab animals, X-Ray and other lab equipment, computers, spectrophotometers, collections of specimens, and a Starting no later than high school, a Marine Biologist should obtain a solid education in as many basic sciences as possible including chemistry, physics, and biology. Mathematics is essential. Plane geometry, trigonometry, solid geometry, and two years of algebra are recommended. Good English is no less important, for both written and oral reports are a big part of Marine Biology. The tudy of a foreign language, especially French, German, or Russian should begin early. Degrees in this study are offered only to college graduate students. Most entry level jobs minimally require a Bachelors degree in a natural science from an accredited college or university. Doctoral degree holders face competition for independent research positions. Those with a Bachelors degree or Masters degree in biological sciences can expect better opportunities for nonresearch In order to be a Marine Biologist or in any line of work, you have to be really dedicated to your job. This is the job I have always wanted ever since I was a little girl. I always loved the water especially the ocean. I think there is so much to discover about it and there are so many marine animals yet to be revealed. If I ever do become a Marine Biologist I either want to work in the laboratory or work in the field. I think it would be interesting to travel to different parts of oceans and discover what kind of plants and animals hide beneath the deep blue waters. Laboratory technicians and testers can acquire more education experience. They can work their way up through research ositions and may reach administrative posts in government or industry. As a rule, high paying postions of prestige go to those with a Ph. D degree and a history of successful research. C. Earnings and Working Conditions Marine Biologists may work in a laboratory, classroom, museum and industrial setting, a botanical garden or zoo, or in a field. They may either work alone or with engineers, technicians, and other scientists at various stages of research or product development. Working conditions vary with the kind of work they do. Indoor work areas may be quiet, well lighted, and air-conditioned. Those who work in laboratories or industrial settings must keep work areas very clean. Ventilation systems generally provide protection from dust, fumes, and odors. Special precautions are taken to protect those scientists who work with infectuous creatures or poisonous chemicals. While working in the field some Marine Biologists travel to coral reefs in tropical seas and ocean waters in cooler climates having to work a The earnings of a Marine Biologist are complicated. Most of these researchers recieve a salary directly from an employer. They write roposals in order to have their research ideas funded by private and government agencies. The quality of their results often determines whether they recieve money for future efforts, and consequently, whether they work and for how long. The salaries of a Marine Biologist comes down to each persons education, experience, and At the present time the profession of Marine Biology is one of the least crowded of the science fields. There are only a few thousand Marine Biologists in research, with less than three thousand graduates working and teaching in the United States. Since there is a limited umber, opportunities in research are few and competition is stiff. It is said that by the year of 2006 employment in biological sciences will grow by 25. 1 percent, that is an increase of 20,000 positions. According to the 1990 Census, 48. 8 percent of this particular occupation were female, 5. 8 percent were black, and 3. 7 percent were Asian and Pacific Islanders. Employment opportunities will be good for scientists with advanced degrees. Those with lesser degrees may experience competition for available jobs in the future. Marine Scientits work in a surprising variety of disciplines. Some xamples are Archaeology which is the study of prehistoric and of ancient periods of history, based on the examination of their physical remains. Another is Anthropology which studies man both as an animal and as living in society , his origins, development, distribution, social habits, culture, etc. Sociology is the study of the origin, the history and the structure of the human society and its institutions. Engineering which is the science applying knowledge of the properties of matter and the natural sources of energy to the practical problems of industry, and other studies of human relationships with the sea. There are many advantages and disadvantages in becoming a Marine Biologis. If you do not like to work long hours or do hands on experiments than working a the field is not for you. An advantage to that is you can do indoor work, which would be in laboratories or classrooms. They are usually quiet and work with chemicals and radioactive substances. These are only a few of the advantages and disadvantages in the field of Marine Biology. The services have about 500 scientists. On an average they need 30 new life scientists each year. Newly comissioned life scientists are ormally assigned to a lab, while they conduct research under the direction of more experienced scientists. Summer and part-time employment may be available in industry, college programs in biological science or projects museums, zoos, and other institutions employing Biological Scientists. The Department of Agriculture participates in the cooperative education program, a federally sponsored program provideing work experiences and income. There are a variety of School to Work opportunities which include: informal apprenticeships, mentorships, job shadowing experiences or touring a local biological scientist.